Претрага
2838 items
-
Истраживањe могућности коришћења нискотемпературних извора топлоте за одрживи развој енергетике градова
Miodrag M. Grujić (2014-06-04)Одрживост је континуиран процес балансирања између животне средине, економске исоцијалне димензије, који се односи на системска побољшања животног окружења.Енергија се налази међу покретачима одрживог развоја везано за потребу за повећањесоцијалног благостања, његову кључну улогу у економском развоју и утицај на животнусредину. Урбане зоне, као центри потреба за енергијом и емисија угљеника, пружајузначајне могућности за промоцију одрживости енергетског система заједнице.Планирање нових енергетских капацитета, у складу са принципима одрживог развоја,обухвата спровођење политике повећања енергетске ефикасности и увођења обновљивихизвора енергије. Дисертација ставља ...одрживи развој, даљинско грејање, модел, сценарио, вишекритеријумскаанализа, нискотемпературни извори, ELECTRE, Београд... dissertation sets the model of multi-criteria decision making for selection of the optimal option of energy development, which treats 8 economic, energy and environmental criteria. The proposed model does not consider the optimal choice of options only from the perspective of investors, whereby the ...
... investment. The method of multi-criteria decision making ELECTRE is used for solving this model. The example of the capital of Serbia is very suitable for the case study because of its size, complexity of energy systems, poor energy efficiency and high need for long-term security of energy supply ...
... financial criteria would be practically the only important. The model aims to satisfy the principles of sustainability, giving an important role to security of energy supply and environmental factors, with emphasis on the importance of renewable energy. Due to the possibility of using low ...Miodrag M. Grujić. "Истраживањe могућности коришћења нискотемпературних извора топлоте за одрживи развој енергетике градова" in Универзитет у Београду, Универзитет у Београду, Рударско-геолошки факултет (2014-06-04)
-
State and perspective of individual household heating in Serbia: A survey-based study
This paper presents the results of the household survey on individual household heating systems in Serbia. The survey was conducted in the period October to December 2020 with the participation of 1100 households with individual household heating systems. The information collected in the questionnaire can be separated into three main parts: basic household data, current heating system characteristics, and households’ perceptions and attitudes. The survey results provide unique and comprehensive information concerning individual household heating systems and the main ...Boban Pavlović, Dejan Ivezić, Marija Živković. "State and perspective of individual household heating in Serbia: A survey-based study" in Energy and Buildings, Elsevier BV (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111128
-
Multivarijabilni modeli upravljanja u rudarstvu
Marjan M. Hudej (2014-02-03)osetljivost i rizik. Više pobuda generiše ovakvu atribuciju. Prva je, multivarijabilnostambijentalnih uslova i funkcionalna i strukturna složenost rudarskih sistema (čovek -priroda (radna sredina) - mašina – okruženje); Druga se odnosi na ne postojanje opštenaučne saglasnosti oko ocene pogodnosti modela za podršku odlučivanju i upravljanje.Treća, ako bi saglasnost i postojala, nije sigurno da bi raspoloživi modeli, metode i taktike,dale ekvivalentne rezultate za iste rudničke uslove. Četvrta, sistemske nauke još uveknemaju opšte prihvaćen i u praksi primenljiv algoritam izbora najboljeg rešenja ...... Multicriteria choice of ore transport system for an underground mine: Application of PROMETHEE methods. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 104 (5), 2004, 251–256. 37. Greene, R., Devillers, R., Luther, J.E., Eddy, B.G., GIS-based multi-criteria analysis, Geography Compass ...
... PROMETHEE Method of Ranking Alternatives, in: The Sage Dictionary of Quantitative Management Research, Luiz MOutinho & Graeme Hutcheson (eds.), SAGE Publications Ltd., 2011, 344. 15. Bitarafan M.R., Ataei M., Mining method selection by multiple criteria decision making tools, The Journal of The South African ...
... Preference Modelling, Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys, Book Part II, 2005, 27-59. 67. Parreiras R.O., Vasconcelos J.A., A multiplicative version of Promethee II applied to multiobjective optimization problems, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 183, Issue ...Marjan M. Hudej. "Multivarijabilni modeli upravljanja u rudarstvu" in Универзитет у Београду, Универзитет у Београду, Рударско-геолошки факултет (2014-02-03)
-
Multivarijabilni modeli upravljanja u rudarstvu
Marjan M. Hudej (2014-02-03)osetljivost i rizik. Više pobuda generiše ovakvu atribuciju. Prva je, multivarijabilnostambijentalnih uslova i funkcionalna i strukturna složenost rudarskih sistema (čovek -priroda (radna sredina) - mašina – okruženje); Druga se odnosi na ne postojanje opštenaučne saglasnosti oko ocene pogodnosti modela za podršku odlučivanju i upravljanje.Treća, ako bi saglasnost i postojala, nije sigurno da bi raspoloživi modeli, metode i taktike,dale ekvivalentne rezultate za iste rudničke uslove. Četvrta, sistemske nauke još uveknemaju opšte prihvaćen i u praksi primenljiv algoritam izbora najboljeg rešenja ...... Multicriteria choice of ore transport system for an underground mine: Application of PROMETHEE methods. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 104 (5), 2004, 251–256. 37. Greene, R., Devillers, R., Luther, J.E., Eddy, B.G., GIS-based multi-criteria analysis, Geography Compass ...
... PROMETHEE Method of Ranking Alternatives, in: The Sage Dictionary of Quantitative Management Research, Luiz MOutinho & Graeme Hutcheson (eds.), SAGE Publications Ltd., 2011, 344. 15. Bitarafan M.R., Ataei M., Mining method selection by multiple criteria decision making tools, The Journal of The South African ...
... Preference Modelling, Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys, Book Part II, 2005, 27-59. 67. Parreiras R.O., Vasconcelos J.A., A multiplicative version of Promethee II applied to multiobjective optimization problems, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 183, Issue ...Marjan M. Hudej. "Multivarijabilni modeli upravljanja u rudarstvu" in Универзитет у Београду, Универзитет у Београду, Рударско-геолошки факултет (2014-02-03)
-
Availability as a dimension of energy security in the Republic of Serbia
Boban Pavlović, Dejan Ivezić (2016)There is a range of modern approaches and models in literature for the evaluation and determination of energy security, which are based on different parameters and indicators. For most of them, a common characteristic is emphasizing the avail ability of energy, as an important dimension for ensuring energy security. In this paper, concise overview of Serbian energy sectors is given and appropriate energy indicators are defined and determined. Selected indicators provide insight into the main components that characterize availability ...... (20) Obtained values of the criteria wi, as a results of application of AHP method are given in tab. 6. They indicate that SS, defined as ability of energy system to rely on its own reserves Pavlović, B., et al.: Availability as a Dimension of Energy Security in the Republic of Serbia THERMAL SCIENCE: ...
... pillars of availability of energy in Serbia, and its energy security are indigenous energy production and use of fossil fuels, primarily coal, and renewables – hydro and biomass. Table 6. Results of individual significance of components Components of availability SOS SS D RES TM Criteria weight ...
... Each element of the column of the initial matrix is divided by the sum of the elements of the same column: norm 1 , , 1, ,ij n ij i a A i j n a = = = ∑ (19) Next step is to determinate the criteria weight vector, wi, which is built by averaging the entries on each row of the normalised ...Boban Pavlović, Dejan Ivezić. "Availability as a dimension of energy security in the Republic of Serbia" in Thermal Science, National Library of Serbia (2016). https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI160923303P
-
Аутоматска екстракција дефиниција – допринос убрзању израде речника
дескриптивни речници, метаанализа лексикографских дефиниција, аутоматска екстракција дефиниција, електронски речници, српски језикРада Стијовић, Цветана Крстев, Ранка Станковић. "Аутоматска екстракција дефиниција – допринос убрзању израде речника" in Лексикологија и лексикографија у светлу актуелних проблема, Институт за српски језик САНУ (2021)
-
Legal framework for recultivation of degraded areas caused by mining exploitation
Radmila Gaćina (2023)Prilikom površinske i podzemne eksploatacije uglja eksploatacioni sistemi oštećuju veće ili manje površine zemljišta. Iskustva pokazuju da su oštećenja zemljišta znatno veća kod površinske eksploatacije, gde je prostora degradiran ne samo u konturi rudnika i okoline, već se promene takođe dešavaju u prirodnom okruženju. U članku su predstavljeni rezultati studije zakonskih okvira rekultivacije u nekim zemljama sveta i u Srbiji. Praktično iskustvo rekultivacije pokazalo je da iskorišćenje i devastacija tokom rudarske aktivnosti predstavljaju opasnost ne samo za pogođena ...... into a new stage with cooperation of institution, standardization and legalization. Compared with the “Stipulation on Land Reclamation” (SLR), which was issued in 1988, the main differences can be summarized by the following several aspects: 1. The definition of the reclamation object is more c ...
... outcome that meets agreed success criteria (Australian Government 2016). 3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN WORLD Mine reclamation is required by the governments of most countries. Before the mining process begins, companies develop mining plans that outline the process of land disturbance to obtain the mineral ...
... adopted on the basis of the above of the law). Legal framework in the field of recultivation of degraded areas ... 33 5 COMPARATION LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN SERBIA AND OTHER LEADING COUNTRIES Recultivation of degraded areas caused by mining is under supervision of Ministry of Mining and Energy ...Radmila Gaćina. "Legal framework for recultivation of degraded areas caused by mining exploitation" in Underground mining engineering, Belgrade : University of Belgrade - Faculty of Mining and Geology (2023). https://doi.org/10.5937/podrad2342027G
-
Classification of mining waste landfills according to legislation in Serbia
... process. By applying the cla- ssification on a specific example of flotation tailings management facility of copper mine, it was found that the realistic risk-based classification of landfills requires a very detailed analysis of all criteria leading to the final category. Key words: mine waste, tailings ...
... issuing waste management permits, as well as criteria, characteri- zation, classification and reporting on mining waste in 2017. As the implementation of the Bylaw began in 2020, there are still frequent doubts during the interpretation of the criteria that can classify the landfill in the proposed ...
... visions of the Bylaw dealing with the terms of classification. It is determined that the landfill is cla- ssified based on the possibility of a potential failure and the character and composition of the waste disposed on it, while the process of classification according to the consequences of the failure ...Dragana Nišić, Uroš Pantelić, Nikoleta Aleksić, Neda Nišić. "Classification of mining waste landfills according to legislation in Serbia" in Tehnika, Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON/CEES) (2021). https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2105575N
-
Approach to operational mine planning: Case study Tamnava West
... homogenization process), is of critical importance for managing successful coal quality control and meeting criteria of power plant. This paper investigates advantage of proper operational planning on coal quality control process and overall production performance. For better understanding case study is ...
... quality). For successful production plan both criteria (quality and capacity) must be met. Using flexible structure of Minex software, every mining block is divided in excavator cuts. With Minex module for reporting, it’s now possible to keep track of quantity (waste and coal) and quality (lower ...
... the realization of profits, are a thing of the past. Successful business in conditions of limited resources is impossible without many analysis of the technical and economic parameters and detailed planning of all possible scenarios of production. Due to availability of the coal resources ...Dejan Stevanović, Mirjana Banković, Milica Pešić Georgiadis, Ranka Stanković. "Approach to operational mine planning: Case study Tamnava West" in Tehnika, Beograd : Savez inženjera i tehničara Srbije (2014). https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1406952S
-
Regional Slope Stability Analysis in Landslide Hazard Assessment Context, North Macedonia Example
Miloš Marjanović, Biljana Abolmasov, Igor Peshevski, James Reeves, Irena Georgievska. "Regional Slope Stability Analysis in Landslide Hazard Assessment Context, North Macedonia Example" in Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, Springer International Publishing (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60227-7_29
-
Modeliranje tehnoloških procesa u rudarstvu u uslovima nedovoljnosti podataka primenom teorije grubih skupova
Zoran M. Štirbanović (2015-07-01)Rudarstvo, a u okviru njega i priprema mineralnih sirovina, se odlikuje složenošću tehnoloških procesa što je posledica velikog broja uticajnih parametara. Samim tim je potrebno biti veoma obazriv prilikom donošenja odluka u oblasti rudarstva. U cilju što efikasnijeg funkcionisanja procesa, moguće je primeniti različite metode koje služe za pojednostavljenje procesa odlučivanja. Jedna od takvih metoda jeste i teorija grubih skupova. Ona predstavlja relativno novu matematičku teoriju koja je pogodna za razumevanje nepreciznih i nepotpunih podataka kao i za otkrivanje ...rudarstvo, priprema mineralnih sirovina, teorija grubih skupova, višekriterijumsko odlučivanje, flotacijsko jalovište, flotacijski kolektor, flotaciona mašina... varies from 100% in the case of the choosing location for the flotation tailings landfill, to 40% in the case of choosing flotation collectors and flotation machines. High correlation coefficients demonstrate the high sensitivity of the rough set theory in terms of multi-criteria decision-making and define ...
... influence during these three choices were determined, and they represented criteria for selection. The selected criteria were assigned with appropriate value, and subsequently the evaluation of the proposed subjects was carried out. In this way, rough set theory was applied for solving the given problems ...
... multi-criteria decision-making methods: VIKOR, AHP, ELECTRE, PROMETHEE and TOPSIS. Based on results it was concluded that rough set theory was successfully applied in all three problems. The superposition of the results obtained by the rough set theory with the results from other multi-criteria de ...Zoran M. Štirbanović. "Modeliranje tehnoloških procesa u rudarstvu u uslovima nedovoljnosti podataka primenom teorije grubih skupova" in Универзитет у Београду, Универзитет у Београду, Рударско-геолошки факултет (2015-07-01)
-
Развој геолошког терминолошког речника ГеолИССТерм
... ing and searching the content using different criteria. every entry contains a name, i.e. the term it- self, its definition, as well as, possibly, synonyms. The number showing the entry’s place on the list of terms is provided only for the purpose of cor- rect sorting in the tree structure. The terms ...
... Uml model of the structure of the geolISS vocabulary (eSrI profile) Figure 3. An example of the hierarchical structure of the dictionary of geologic terms The structure of the individual entry “formaci- ja” shown in Figure 3 is given in example 1. Example 1. Name: Formacija Definition: Formacija ...
... practical point of view of geology, since it features almost all the criteria for the determina- tion and multihierarchical classification of rocks (genesis, composition, structure, texture). IUgS (International Union of geological Sci- ences) publications related to the classification of volcanic and ...Ranka Stanković, Branislav Trivić, Olivera Kitanović, Branislav Blagojević, Velizar Nikolić. "Развој геолошког терминолошког речника ГеолИССТерм" in INFOteka: časopis za informatiku i bibliotekarstvo, Beograd : Zajednica biblioteka univerziteta u Srbiji (2011)
-
The ‘Umka’ landslide
We present an in-depth landslide map of the ‘Umka’ landslide near Belgrade, Serbia, at a scale of 1:5000. The map delineates elements at risk, primarily buildings and road infrastructure impacted by the landslide displacements of several cm per year, introduced during frequent reactivation stages. The Main map results from a survey of over 350 buildings and more than 7 km of state and local roads. The acquisition techniques included engineering geological field mapping, building survey, and visual interpretation of ...rizik od klizišta, elementi rizika, kartiranje pomoću drona, ispitivanje objekata, geotehnički monitoringUroš Đurić, Dragana Đurić, Miloš Marjanović, Biljana Abolmasov, Ivana Vasiljević. "The ‘Umka’ landslide" in Journal of Maps, Informa UK Limited (2024). https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2024.2418580
-
A Model for Determining the Dependability of Continuous Subsystems in Coal Mines Using the Fuzzy Logic Approach
Nikola Stanić, Miljan Gomilanović, Petar Marković, Daniel Krzanović, Aleksandar Doderović, Saša Stepanović (2024)This study presents a unique model for assessing the dependability of continuous parts of combined systems in open-pit mining through the application of fuzzy logic. Continuous sub-systems as part of the combined system of coal exploitation in surface mines have the basic function of ensuring safe operation, high capacity with high reliability, and low costs. These subsystems are usually part of the thermal power plant’s coal supply system and ensure stable fuel supply. The model integrates various independent partial ...fuzzy logic, max-min composition, continuous part of combined system (CCS), open pit, mining, dependabilityNikola Stanić, Miljan Gomilanović, Petar Marković, Daniel Krzanović, Aleksandar Doderović, Saša Stepanović. "A Model for Determining the Dependability of Continuous Subsystems in Coal Mines Using the Fuzzy Logic Approach" in Applied Sciences, Basel, August 2024, MDPI (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177947
-
Softverski alati za korišćenje resursa za srpski jezik
Ivan Obradović, Ranka Stanković (2008)... pairs themselves, other data, of which the most important are the word type, or part-of speech – POS, the definition of the concept, examples of the use of words to de- note the concept, and semantic relations which relate this synset with other synsets. At the end of 2007, PWN contained about 155 ...
... with a choice of the alphabet, is illustrated in Figure 11. For synsets, with a total of three different keywords were obtained for the initial keyword “kuća” in Latin. Each synset is accompanied by a definition of the concept, as well as a possi- bility of its deletion, but also of an insight into ...
... semantic expansion of a query by means of SWN, selecting all synsets containing a given word and offering them to the user. This provides the user with an insight to all concepts the keyword pertains to, through sets of synonyms used for these concepts, as well as a definition of the concepts themselves ...Ivan Obradović, Ranka Stanković. "Softverski alati za korišćenje resursa za srpski jezik" in INFOteka: časopis za informatiku i bibliotekarstvo, Belgrade, Serbia : Zajednica biblioteka univerziteta u Srbiji (2008)
-
Understanding partitioning of deformation in highly arcuate orogenic systems: Inferences from the evolution of the Serbian Carpathians
Nemanja Krstekanić, Liviu Matenco, Marinko Toljić, Oleg Mandić, Uroš Stojadinović, Ernst Willingshofer (2020)... analysis of the obtained kinematic dataset has resulted in the definition of five deformation types (Figs. 5, 7, 8 and 10), grouped by the interpretation of three tectonic events, which respect all timing and superposition criteria observed in the field or otherwise available in studies of the neighbouring ...
... number of conjugate shears were measured in the main shear zone, which was particularly useful to derive the kinematics of foliated fault gouges. The fault-slip data was separated in the field by observations of consistency, superposition, reactivation of deformation, or using timing criteria. We paid ...
... 3.2. Multi-geometry extension and strike-slip Superposition criteria and truncation of the upper Oligocene – Miocene basins indicate that the Supragetic thrusting is followed in time by three types of structures. The first type of structures are N-S oriented, dominantly W-dipping normal faults ...Nemanja Krstekanić, Liviu Matenco, Marinko Toljić, Oleg Mandić, Uroš Stojadinović, Ernst Willingshofer. "Understanding partitioning of deformation in highly arcuate orogenic systems: Inferences from the evolution of the Serbian Carpathians" in Global and Planetary Change, Elsevier BV (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103361
-
Environmental Energy Security Indicators as Tools for Environmental Protection
Еколошка прихватљивост је постала незаменљив синтезни показатељ сваке валидне енергетске анализе у последње две-три деценије. Енергетска безбедност је у директној хармонији с еколошком прихватљивошћу кроз многе прописане политичке циљеве, економске користи, правне тековине итд. Индикатори еколошке сигурности представљају један од основних елемената за одређивање енергетске безбедности и снажне алате за усмеравање енергетског сектора ка одрживом развоју. У овом раду, анализа је била концентрисана на показатеље енергетске безбедности у области животне средине који се односе на сектор природног гаса у ...енергетска безбедност, еколошки енергетски индикатори, заштита животне средине, еколошка прихватљивост... Dyer, H., Trombetta, M.J., The concept of energy security: broadening, deepening transforming, International handbook of energy security, 2013, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, pp. 3–18 10. Wang, J.J., Jing, Y.Y., Zhang, C.F., Zhao, J.H., Review on multi-criteria decision analysis aid in sustainable ...
... 2009, pp. 2263-227 11. Konidari, P., Mavrakis D., A multi-criteria evaluation method for climate change mitigation policy instruments, Energy Policy, Volume 35, 2007, pp. 6235–6257 12. Scheraga, J., Leary, N., Improving the efficiency of policies to reduce CO2 emissions, Energy Policy, Volume 20 ...
... protection. Energy scenarios of development of natural gas sector based of historical trends and Action plan [5] are used as example of model analysis. These scenarios are than modified in sense of determination of energy security and assessment of the highest level of 2 environmental acc ...Aleksandar Madžarević, Dejan Ivezić, Marija Živković , Miloš Tansijević. "Environmental Energy Security Indicators as Tools for Environmental Protection" in Mining and Environmental Protection-MEP 2019, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology (2019)
-
Refinement of waste phosphogypsum from Prahovo, Serbia: characterization and assessment of application in civil engineering
Josip Išek, Lazar Kaluđerović, Nikola Vuković, Maja Milošević, Ivana Vukašinović, Zorica Tomić (2020)... scanning step of 1* min ". The tube current was set to 30 mA and the voltage to 40 kV. The identification of mineral phases followed the criteria recommended by Mikheev (1957) and the Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). Whiteness index In order to compare the quality of the samples ...
... the recrystallization process, met all of the radiological hazard criteria associated with construction materials and can be used safely in construction projects. Summary and conclusion Two samples of phosphogypsum, obtained from the waste land- fills of the chemical company Elixir Prahovo (Serbia) ...
... solubility of brushite is a twelfth of that of gypsum, the recrystallization did not affect significantly the phosphorus content. This may be indicative of: (1) other P-bearing phases being present; (2) replacement of SOŽ with HPO?T within the crystal structure of gypsum; or (3) shifting of the HPO ...Josip Išek, Lazar Kaluđerović, Nikola Vuković, Maja Milošević, Ivana Vukašinović, Zorica Tomić. "Refinement of waste phosphogypsum from Prahovo, Serbia: characterization and assessment of application in civil engineering" in Clay Minerals, Cambridge University press (2020). https://doi.org/10.1180/clm.2020.11
-
Fragmentation Size Prediction of Blasted Material Using a Specialized Software for Drilling and Blasting
Stefan Milanović, Nikola Simić, Lazar Kričak, Milanka Negovanović, Nikola Đokić, Miljan Gomilanović (2024)Design and optimizing the drilling and blasting parameters, should fill the requirements for the capacity, fragmentation size, and technical characteristics of loading and transport equipment, and enable a safe work at the open pit. Besides mentioned, it also achieves the minimal impact on the environment of the open pit and decreases the negative effects on the environment, especially in the blast vibration and flyrock. To obtain the best possible blasting effects and consider all the factors, a specialized software is ...Stefan Milanović, Nikola Simić, Lazar Kričak, Milanka Negovanović, Nikola Đokić, Miljan Gomilanović. "Fragmentation Size Prediction of Blasted Material Using a Specialized Software for Drilling and Blasting" in The 55th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor (2024). https://doi.org/10.5937/IOC24077M
-
Wordnet Development Using a Multifunctional Tool
Ivan Obradović, Ranka Stanković (2007)In this paper we present a multifunctional tool for manipulating heterogeneous language resources. The tool handles electronic dictionaries, wordnets and aligned texts, and provides for their synchronous use in various tasks. We focus here on the description of the possibilities this tool offers in the development of wordnets. Besides the wordnet module which enables parallel handling of two wordnets, other modules, such as the module for morphological dictionaries and the module for aligned texts, as well as available finite ...... ts of the tool on basis of user feedback. Such enhancements include specific search mechanisms and mechanisms for extraction of groups of synsets on basis of various criteria. The HLT group is now working on porting the most important functions of WS4LR on the web. The ambition of the HLT ...
... d by a synset, a set of synonymous English word-sense pairs accompanied by a definition of the concept. Concepts are interconnected by various semantic relations, such as hypernym/hyponym (kind of, e.g. animal/dog) or holonym/meronym (part of, e.g. hand/finger). As of 2006, this database contains ...
... creates a copy of the PWN synset in the Serbian wordnet, and if necessary, it also creates copies of all its missing hypernyms, to prevent the new synset of becoming a “dangling” synset. Once a copy of a synset is created the user has to make the necessary modifications: its definition, usage examples ...Ivan Obradović, Ranka Stanković. "Wordnet Development Using a Multifunctional Tool" in Proceedings of the International Workshop Computer Aided Language Processing (CALP) '2007, Borovets, Bulgaria, September 2007, - (2007)