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Упит dcterms_subject_txt:Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)

2395 items

  • SASA Dictionary as the Gold Standard for Good Dictionary Examples for Serbian

    Ranka Stanković, Branislava Šandrih, Rada Stijović, Cvetana Krstev, Duško Vitas, Aleksandra Marković (2019)
    У овом раду представљамо модел за избор добрих примера за речник српског језика и развој иницијалних компоненти модела. Метода која се користи заснива се на детаљној анализи различитих лексичких и синтактичких карактеристика у корпусу састављених од примера из пет дигитализованих свезака речника САНУ. Почетни скуп функција био је инспирисан сличним приступом и за друге језике. Дистрибуција карактеристика примера из овог корпуса упоређује се са карактеристиком дистрибуције узорака реченица ексцерпираних из корпуса који садрже различите текстове. Анализа је показала да ...
    Српски, добри примери из речника, аутоматизација израде речника, издвајање својстава, Машинско учење
    ... dictionary examples for Serbian and the development of initial model components. The method used is based on a thorough analysis of various lexical and syntactic features in a corpus compiled of examples from the five digitized volumes of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) dictionary. The ...
    ... process for the dictionary of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA), a large monolingual thesaurus of Serbian, as well as for the production of new dictionaries of Serbian. The SASA dictionary is still developed traditionally, and its modernization could serve various different goals: ...
    ... various lexical and syntactic features of the gold standard examples, classified them and compared the results with the control corpus (both gold and control corpus are presented in Section 4). The initial set of features was inspired by Kilgarriff et al. (2008) and Kosem (2017), and guided by rec ...

  • FrameNet Lexical Database: Presenting a Few Frames Within the Risk Domain

    Aleksandra Marković, Ranka Stanković, Natalija Tomić, Olivera Kitanović (2021)
    U radu se daje kratak prikaz teorije semantike okvira, na kojoj je zasnovana leksička baza Frejmnet. Predstavljena je koncepcija ove mreže, kao i mogućnosti njene primene. Predstavljena je i leksička analiza koja se primenjuje u projektu izrade Frejmneta i ukazano na razlike između analize zasnovane na okviru u odnosu na analizu zasnovanu na reči. Zatim je prikazano nekoliko povezanih okvira koje prizivaju reči iz domena rizika. U radu je predstavljena i platforma NLTК pomoću koje se mogu koristiti ...
    Srpski jezik, semantika okvira, FrameNet, scenario rizika, rudarski korpus, obrada prirodnog jezika
    ... corpus lexicography efforts and modernization of the description of the grammar and lexicography of this language. A good step forward in the moderniza- tion process would be case studies that compare polysemous lexeme entries from the SASA (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts) dictionary to their d ...
    ... Association for Lexi- cography, 604–611. Fillmore, Charles J. 1976. “Frame semantics and the nature of language.” In Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference on the origin and development of language and speech, 280:20–32. 1. New York. Fillmore, Charles J. 1982. “Frame semantics.” Linguistic ...
    ... Ivan Babić, and Ljiljana Kolonja. 2021. “A Data Driven Approach for Raw Material Terminology.” Applied Sciences 11 (7): 2892. Krstev, Cvetana. 2008. Processing of Serbian. Automata, texts and electronic dictionaries. Faculty of Philology of the University of Belgrade. Krstev, Cvetana, and Duško Vitas ...

  • Quantitative analysis of syllable properties in Croatian, Serbian, Russian, and Ukrainian

    Biljana Rujević, Marija Kaplar, Sebastijan Kaplar, Ranka Stanković, Ivan Obradović, Jan Mačutek (2021)
    slogovi, distribucija rang-preciznost, slovenski jezici

  • Sustainable Modularity Approach to Facilities Development Based on Geothermal Energy Potential

    Nataša Čuković-Ignjatović, Ana Vranješ, Dušan Ignjatović, Dejan Milenić, Olivera Krunić (2021)
    The study presented in this paper assessed the multidisciplinary approach of geothermal potential in the area of the most southeastern part of the Pannonian basin, focused on resources utilization. This study aims to present a method for the cascade use of geothermal energy as a source of thermal energy for space heating and cooling and as a resource for balneological purposes. Two particular sites were selected—one in a natural environment; the other within a small settlement. Geothermal resources come ...
    геотермална енергија, Панонски басен, геотермална каскада, енергетска ефикасност, бањски центри, балнеологија, биоклиматска архитектура, стратегије пасивног дизајнирања, модуларни објекти
    ... Geothermal sources and utilization practice in six countries along the southern part of the Pannonian basin. Environ. Earth Sci. 2020, 79, 1–12. [CrossRef] 20. Nádor, A. (Ed.) Cascades and Calories: Geothermal Energy in the Pannonian Basin for the 21st Century and Beyond; Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade ...
    ... repository of The University of Belgrade Faculty of Mining and Geology archives faculty publications available in open access, as well as the employees' publications. - The Repository is available at: www.dr.rgf.bg.ac.rs applied sciences Article Sustainable Modularity Approach to Facilities Development ...
    ... despite its abundance of various resources, is undergoing constant depopulation and even Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 2691. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062691 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci ririrg Applied PM sciences Article Sustainable Modularity Approach to Facilities Development Based on Geothermal ...

  • Geonasleđe Golije i Peštera

    Ljiljana V. Grujičić-Tešić (2017-09-01)
    Sprovedena istraživanja u ovoj studiji obuhvatila su izdvajanje, opis, evaluaciju i valorizaciju objekata geonasleđa u cilju razvoja istraživane oblasti sa stanovišta geonauka, geoturizma i geoekologije. Na izučavanom području objekti geonasleđa su evidentirani, interpretirani, vrednovani i kategorisani, dat je predlog promocije geoobjekata, i na kraju predložena dopuna inventara objekata geonasleđa Srbije.U protekle četiri godine, na kompleksu geotopa Golije i Peštera istražena su geološka svojstva stena (tip stene, starost, fosilni sadržaj, morfološke i hidrogeološke karakteristike itd.), na osnovu čega je bilo ...
    geodivezitet, geonasleđe, geoturizam, geokonzervacija, Golija, Pešter
    ... (eds.): The trubiditic basins of Serbia. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Department of Natural & Mathematical Sciences. 61. pp.25–64. Dixon, G. (1995): Aspects of Geoconservation in Tasmania: A Preliminary Review of Significant Earth Features. Report to the Australian Heritage Commission. Parks ...
    ... On the terrestrial and freshwater mollusks from Neogene of Western Serbia. Geology and metalogeny of the Dinarides and the Vardar Zone. Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of Srpska. Banja Luka–Serbian Sarajevo. pp. 219–224. Prysjazhnjuk, V. (2008): Terrestrial and freshwater molluscs ...
    ... pojmova. Glasnik SGD. Beograd XC/2. pp. 297 - 302. Stanley, M. (2000): Geodiversity. Earth Heritage 14. pp 15–18. Stanley, M. (2002): Geodiversity - linking people, landscapes and their culture. Abstract for Natural And Cultural Landscapes Conference. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, pp. 14. Ljiljana ...

  • Primena AHP и WoEmetode u proceni podložnosti terena na kliženje za područje opštine Krupanj

    Biljana Abolmasov, Jelka Krušić, Katarina Andrejev, Miloš Marjanović, Ranka Stanković, Uroš Đurić (2017)
    ... Landslide susceptibility mapping at Golestan Pro- vince, Iran: A comparision between frequency ratio, Dempster-Shafer, and weights-of-evidence models. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 61, pp.221-236, 2012. [20] Mojsilović S, Filipović I, Rodin V, Navala M, Ba- klačić D, Đoković I, Jovanović Č, Živanović ...
    ... Ozdemir A, Altural T. A comparative study of frequency ratio, weights of evidence and logistic regression methods for landslide susceptibility ma- pping: Sultan Mountains, SW Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 64, pp.180-197, 2013. [23] Regmi NR, Giardino JR, Vitek JD. Modeling sus- ceptibility ...
    ... techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy. Geomorphology 31, pp.181– 216, 1999. [13] Hungr O, Leroueil S, Picarelli L. Varnes classificati- on of landslides types, an update. Proceedings of the 11th International and 2nd American Symposium on Landslides and Engineered ...

  • Српски језик у дигиталном добу -- The Serbian Language in the Digital Age

    Duško Vitas, Ljubomir Popović, Cvetana Krstev, Ivan Obradović, Gordana Pavlović-Lažetić, Mladen Stanojević (2012)
    Serbian language
    ... thesis and recognition in Serbian was made by a group from the Faculty of Technical Sciences at theUniversity of Novi Sad. Various applications in the fields of TTS and ASR have been developed based on the speech and lexical databases with accentuated word forms. Serbian speech recognition and generation ...
    ... the field of lexicography More and more attention is being given to lexicogra- phy, both monolingual and bilingual. A much-needed large one-volume dictionary of modern Serbian has been published. e work on the compilation of the large Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts dictionary of Serbian is being ...
    ... the 1950s and converted to electronic form in the 1990s. Speech synthesis and recognition is being realised at the Faculty of Technical Sciences of the University of Novi Sad through projects of technological develop- ment from 2005, namely “Development of speech tech- nologies in Serbian and their a ...

  • A bilingual digital library for academic and entrepreneurial knowledge management

    Ranka Stanković, Cvetana Krstev, Biljana Lazić, Dalibor Vorkapić (2015)
    A generic knowledge management process of organization, storage and retrieval of knowledge can suitably be fitted in a digital library. In the digital and knowledge age digital libraries can be used in knowledge management to handle intellectual assets and support knowledge creation. A multilingual digital library either stores content in more than one language or provides multilingual query access to monolingual content. In Serbia 18 of 308 scientific journals regularly published are bi-lingual, with papers simultaneously being in English ...
    Knowledge management, Digital library, Multilingualism, Language Resources, Terminology
    ... of library and information sciences, digital humanities, architecture and mining and also project reports on academic and entrepreneurial knowledge and e-learning. It contains articles from three journals INFOtheca - Journal for Digital Humanities, Underground Mining Engineering, and Architecture ...
    ... is a terminology dictionary that covers the library and information sciences and related disciplines in Serbian, English and German developed at the National Library of Serbia. GeolISSTerm and RudOnto are developed at the Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade (Stanković et al., ...
    ... 3 Design and methodology 3.1. Knowledge management and digital library Roknuzzaman reported overlaps between digital libraries and knowledge management, stating that a generic knowledge management process of acquisition, organization, storage and retrieval, and dissemination of knowledge ...

  • Properties of fly ash and slag from the power plants

    Miloš Šešlija, Aleksandra Rosić, Nebojša Radović, Milinko Vasić, Mitar Đogo, Milovan Jotić (2016)
    This paper describes the physical, chemical and mineral properties of ash and slag, which were taken from thermal power plants Nikola Tesla A, Nikola Tesla B, Kostolac A and Kostolac B. The knowledge of the mineralogical material composition is important because the type of minerals directly determines the properties of the fly ash and slag and their possible application. Laboratory tests showed that ash and slag samples consist of the following minerals: amorphous materials, quartz, feldspar, mullite, melilite, cristobalite, ...
    fly ash, slag, physical composition, chemical composition, mineral composition, X-ray diffraction method
    ... the physi- Properties of fly ash and slag from the power plants Miloš Šešlija1, Aleksandra Rosić2, Nebojša Radović1, Milinko Vasić1, Mitar Đogo1 and Milovan Jotić3 1 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 ...
    ... in the combustion process and other parts of non- combustible material. It falls through the latticed stokehole and is rapidly cooled and extinguished in water. The fly ash and slag landfills in Serbia occupy an area of 1639 ha and if they are under constant control and monitoring, significantly ...
    ... the Kostolac basin is also of Upper Miocene (Pontian) age and hosts five coal seams, namely Seam III (the oldest and deepest) and Seams II-a, II, I-a and I. Only coal seams III, II and I are (or have been) explored in the Drmno, Ćirikovac and Klenovnik open pits. The average thickness of coal Seam ...

  • Definition of groundwater genesis and circulation conditions of the complex hydrogeological karst system Mlava–Belosavac–Belosavac-2 (eastern Serbia)

    Ljiljana Vasić, Saša Milanović, Zoran Stevanović, Laszlo Palcsu (2020)
    Geochemistry and Petrology

  • Terminology Acquisition and Description Using Lexical Resources and Local Grammars

    Cvetana Krstev, Ranka Stanković, Ivan Obradović, Biljana Lazić (2015)
    Acquisition of new terminology from specific domains and its adequate description within terminological dictionaries is a complex task, especially for languages that are morphologically complex such as Serbian. In this paper we present an approach to solving this task semi-automatically on basis of lexical resources and local grammars developed for Serbian. Special attention is given to automatic inflectional class prediction for simple adjectives and nouns and the use of syntactic graphs for extraction of Multi-Word Unit (MWU) candidates for ...
    ... mining engineering and mine safety terminology (Stankovic et al., 2012). The third termbase used is the Dictionary of Library and Information Sciences (RNBS), 4 developed by the National Library of Serbia. It contains terminology in Serbian, English and German, related to theory and practice of librari- ...
    ... librari- anship and information sciences and a wide range of close or related fields. Table 2. Frequencies of terms of different lengths in samples from 3 termbases Dictionary Term length (in number of words) 1 2 3 4 ≥5 GeolISS Term 1436 2356 749 305 243 RNBS 3302 6180 2062 806 415 RudOnto ...
    ... optics, medicine, physics and mathematics, psy- chology) showed that 97% of multi-words in these sources consist of nouns and adjectives only, and more than 99% consist only of nouns, adjectives, and a preposition. (Justeson & Katz, 1995) Identifying the adjectives and the preposi- tional phrase ...

  • Serbian NER&Beyond: The Archaic and the Modern Intertwinned

    Branislava Šandrih Todorović, Cvetana Krstev, Ranka Stanković, Milica Ikonić Nešić (2021)
    U ovom radu predstavljamo srpski književni korpus koji se razvija pod okriljem COST Akcije „Distant Reading for European Literary History” CA16204. Koristeći ovaj korpus romana napisanih pre više od jednog veka, razvili smo i učinili javno dostupnim Sistem za prepoznavanje imenovanih entiteta (NER) obučen da prepozna 7 različitih tipova imenovanih entiteta, sa konvolucionom neuronskom mrežom (CNN), koja ima F1 rezultat od ≈91% na test skupu podataka. Ovaj model je dalje ocenjen na posebnom skupu podataka za evaluaciju. Završavamo poređenje ...
    ... annotated with POS, lemmas, and NE in a format agreed by the COST action. Acknowledgments This research was done in the scope of the COST action CA16204 “Distant Reading for European Literary History”. We thank the stu- dents of the Department of Library and Infor- mation Sciences, Faculty of Philology, ...
    ... master students of Social Sciences and Computing at Multidisciplinary Graduate Studies and PhD students of Intelligent systems program (Uni- versity of Belgrade) for their help in evaluating the data. 15Encoding Guidelines for the ELTeC: level 2, https://distantreading.github.io/Schema/ eltec--2.html ...
    ... form of finite-state transducers (Vitas and Krstev, 2012), enabled the development of a comprehensive rule-based system for NER Srp- NER. This system presented by Krstev et al. (2014) targeted 11 classes of NEs: dates and time (moments and periods), money and mea- surement expressions, geopolitical ...

  • Towards the semantic annotation of SR-ELEXIS corpus: Insights into Multiword Expressions and Named Entities

    Cvetana Krstev, Ranka Stanković, Aleksandra Marković, Teodora Mihajlov (2024)
    Овај рад представља активности на развоју корпуса ELEXIS-sr, српском додатку вишејезичном анотираном корпусу ELEXIS-а, који се састоји од семантичких анотација и репозиторија значења речи. ELEXIS је паралелни вишејезични анотирани корпус на десет европских језика, који може да се користи као вишејезички репер за евалуацију европских језика са мање и средње развијеним ресурсима. Фокус овог рада је на вишечланим изразима и именованим ентитетима, њиховом препознавању у скупу реченица ELEXIS-sr и поређењу са анотацијама на другим језицима. Разматрају се први кораци ...
    полилексемске језинице, именовани ентитет, вишезначност значења речи, складиште смисла, LLOD

  • Vebran Web Services for Corpus Query Expansion

    Ranka Stanković, Miloš Utvić (2020)
    U ovom radu se govori o razvoju veb usluga Vebran i njihovoj primeni u poboljšanju pretraživanja korpusa. Veb-servisi Vebran koriste se za konsultovanje spoljnih leksičkih izvora za srpski jezik (uglavnom elektronski morfološki rečnici i srpski Vordnet) i proširivanje korisničkih upita radi dobijanja relevantnijih rezultata iz srpskih korpusa.
    corpus search, web service, Serbian lexical resources, query expansion
    ... equivalent terms and definition in another language (presently only English equivalents of definitions are in the database). Externally developed Dictionary of library and information sciences10 encompasses the terminology of theory and practice of librarianship and in- formation sciences and a wide range ...
    ... corpus words. It includes literary texts of Serbian writers in the XX and XXI centuries, as well as scientific and popular science texts from different domains (natural and so- cial sciences), administrative and general texts. The general texts represent articles from the daily newspapers “Politika”,“Večernje ...
    ... instanced with a part of the text or with any characters; 3) Use regular expressions and graphs of automata and transducers for searching and extraction; and 4) Build cascades of rules. Corpora SrpKor2013 (cf. 2.1) and RudKor (cf. 2.2) can be searched by OCWB, while a search of RudKor is also available through ...

  • Минерагенија зеолитских туфова Србије

    Vladan Kašić (2018-02-05)
    Лежишта наших зеолитских туфова (Златокоп, Игрош, Јабланица 1, Беочин, Топоница и Сланци) која су овде била предмет детаљних истраживања, просторно и генетски везана су за вулканске и вулканокластичне стене маринских средина сенонске и неогенске старости и језерске седименте неогене старости и настала су као продукт девитрификације вулканског стакла.Током лабораторијских испитивања при изради ове докторске дисертације, примењене су следеће аналитичке методе: оптичка испитивања петрографских препарата; рендгенска дифракција праха (XRD); скенирајућа електронска микроскопија (СЕМ метода); хемијска карактеризација зеолитских туфова у оквиру ...
    минерагенија, зеолитски туф, Србија, клиноптилолит, хојландит
    ... Systems. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 45, 1, 261-275, DOI: 10.2138/rmg.2001.45.8. Sclater J., Royden L., Horváth F., Burchfiel B., Semken S., Stegena L., (1980): The formation of the intra-Carpathian basins as determined from subsidence data. Earth Planetary Science Letter 51, 139–162 ...
    ... phy and biostratigraphy. Global Planetary Change 103, 99–118. тerBorgh M., Radivojević D., Matenko L., (2015): Constraining forcing factors and relative sea-level fluctuations in semi-enclosed basins: the Late Neogene demise of Lake Pannon. Basin Research 27, 681-695. Trеacy, M.M. and Higgins ...
    ... Progradation of the paleo-Danube shelf margin across the Pannonian Basin during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene. Global Planetary Change 103, 168–173. Margeta K., Zabukovec Logar N,, Šiljeg M. and Farkaš A. (2013): Natural Zeolites in Water Treatment How Effective is Their Use, World's largest ...

  • Efficiency and lifetime of medium voltage transformers

    Snežana Aleksandrović, Vesna Damnjanović (2017)

  • Numerical Models of Debris Flows with Entrainment Analysis-Case Studies from the Republic of Serbia

    Jelka Krušić , Biljana Abolmasov, Miloš Marjanović (2021)
    The results of material entrainment analysis in RAMMS debris flow software, as well as numerical models of final flow heights for two case studies from the Republic of Serbia are presented. Both of debris flow cases started with initial sliding of huge volume block, prolonging to behave as flowing process. Results of the analysis showed that entrainment material affects final results of transportation model, runout distance, deposition area and volume of debris flow. In both cases entrainment volume is very ...
    tecišta, zadržavanje nanosa, RAMMS, validacija

  • Why classical sequence stratigraphy doesn't work in Pannonian basin?

    Dejan Radivojević (2018)
    basen iza ostrvskog luka, detačment, miocen, Panonski basen, riftogeneza, sekvenciona stratigrafija
    ... correlated with  delta  and  coastal  sediments, where  the  upper  part  corresponds  to  fluvial  sediments  formation.    LITERATURA / REFERENCES    Catuneanu, O., 2002. Sequence stratigraphy of clastic systems: Concepts, merits, and pitfalls, Journal of  African Earth Sciences, 35, 1–43.  Martins‐Neto ...
    ...  Shanley, R.J. Steel, A. Strasser, M.E. Tucker, and C. Winker, 2009. Towards  the standardization of sequence stratigraphy, Earth‐Science Reviews, 92, 1–33.  Catuneanu, O., 2006. Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 375 pp.  Emery, D., and K. J. Myers, 1996. Sequence Stratigraphy, B ...
    ... Carpathians  and  Dinarides,  Tectonics 31(6), TC6007.  Nottvedt, A. R.H. Gabrielsen, and R.J. Steel, 1995. Tectonostratigraphy and Sedimentary Architecture of  Rift  Basins,  with  reference  to  the  Northern  North  Sea. Marine  and  Petroleum  Geology,  12,   881–901.    Posamentier, H.W., and G. P. Allen ...

  • Curcumin nanonization using an alternative small-scale production unit: selection of proper stabilizer applying basic physicochemical consideration and biological activity assessment of nanocrystals

    Ines Nikolić, Jelena Antić-Stanković, Dragana Božić, Danijela Ranđelović, Bojan Marković, Dominique Jasmin Lunter, Aleksandar Kremenović, Miroslav Savić, Snežana Savić (2020)
    As the number of poorly soluble drugs is increasing, nanocrystals have become very interesting due to wide range of application possibilities. Curcumin was used as a model active ingredient in this work. Even though it has many proven positive effects, due to its physicochemical issues, its possibilities have not been fully exploited. The goal of this work was to select optimal conditions for a top-down method for curcumin nanosuspension production, and to perform their comprehensive characterization applying complementary methodologies: ...
    nanocrystal, curcumin, top-down method, wetball milling

  • Photocatalytic Activity of the V2O5 Catalyst toward Selected Pharmaceuticals and Their Mixture: Influence of the Molecular Structure on the Efficiency of the Process

    Sanja J. Armaković, Aleksandra Jovanoski Kostić, Andrijana Bilić, Maria M. Savanović, Nataša Tomić, Aleksandar Kremenović, Maja Šćepanović, Mirjana Grujić-Brojčin, Jovana Ćirković, Stevan Armaković (2023)
    Due to the inability of conventional wastewater treatment procedures to remove organic pharmaceutical pollutants, active pharmaceutical components remain in wastewater and even reach tap water. In terms of pharmaceutical pollutants, the scientific community focuses on -blockers due to their extensive (over)usage and moderately high solubility. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of V2O5 was investigated through the degradation of nadolol (NAD), pindolol (PIN), metoprolol (MET), and their mixture under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in water. For the preparation of V2O5, facile ...
    DFT analysis, metoprolol, nadolol, nanomaterial characterization, photocatalysis, pindolol, β-blocker
    ... access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:/ / creativecommons.org//licenses/by/ 4.0/). 4 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, 21000 Novi Sad ...
    ... D.; Rinaldo, D.; Halls, M.; Zhang, J.; Friesner, R. Jaguar: A high-performance quantum chemistry software program with strengths in life and materials sciences. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2013, 113, 2110-2142. [CrossRef] Cao, Y.; Halls, M.; Vadicherla, T.; Friesner, R.A. Pseudospectral implementations ...
    ... 120 min (64% and 30%, respectively). However, the catalyst did not have expected behavior towards MET and NAD, wherein the degradation rate was almost the same for these two B-blockers (7% and 5%, respectively). Differences between the efficiency of PIN removal and removal of MET and NAD result ...